![If lambda is essentially equal to 1.00, we can immediately eliminate the O2 sensor from consideration. If lambda is essentially equal to 1.00, we can immediately eliminate the O2 sensor from consideration.](https://www.austincc.edu/wkibbe/images/Lambda%20as%20a%20Diagnostic%20Tool_img_0.jpg)
If lambda is essentially equal to 1.00, we can immediately eliminate the O2 sensor from consideration.
![Analyzing and predicting the relation between air–fuel ratio (AFR), lambda (λ) and the exhaust emissions percentages and values of gasoline-fueled vehicles using versatile and portable emissions measurement system tool | SpringerLink Analyzing and predicting the relation between air–fuel ratio (AFR), lambda (λ) and the exhaust emissions percentages and values of gasoline-fueled vehicles using versatile and portable emissions measurement system tool | SpringerLink](https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42452-019-1392-5/MediaObjects/42452_2019_1392_Fig7_HTML.png)
Analyzing and predicting the relation between air–fuel ratio (AFR), lambda (λ) and the exhaust emissions percentages and values of gasoline-fueled vehicles using versatile and portable emissions measurement system tool | SpringerLink
![Analyzing and predicting the relation between air–fuel ratio (AFR), lambda (λ) and the exhaust emissions percentages and values of gasoline-fueled vehicles using versatile and portable emissions measurement system tool | SpringerLink Analyzing and predicting the relation between air–fuel ratio (AFR), lambda (λ) and the exhaust emissions percentages and values of gasoline-fueled vehicles using versatile and portable emissions measurement system tool | SpringerLink](https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs42452-019-1392-5/MediaObjects/42452_2019_1392_Fig12_HTML.png)